Additional local support for BOLD sites was provided by: Boehringer Ingelheim China. The BOLD Study is currently funded by a grant from the Wellcome Trust (085790/Z/08/Z), which supports the London, UK Co-ordinating Centre. Conclusionsĭrs Sator and Horner contributed equally to the current work.įUNDING/SUPPORT: The initial BOLD program was funded in part by unrestricted educational grants to the coordinating Centre in Portland, Oregon from Aventis, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Schering-Plough, Sepracor, and the University of Kentucky. Reported asthma, 34.4% of those with normal spirometry still used a respiratory medication. Among the subjects with false positiveĬOPD, 45.7% reported current use of respiratory medication. Medical diagnosis of asthma or heart disease. Overdiagnosis was more common among women, and was associated with higher education įormer and current smoking the presence of wheeze, cough, and phlegm and concomitant To middle-income countries to 4.9% in high-income countries. Site-specific prevalence of false positive COPD varied greatly, from 1.9% in low. “chronic bronchitis” or “emphysema” (n = 220), 37.7% had no airflow limitation. In a subgroup analysis excluding participants who reported a diagnosis of A similar rate of overdiagnosis was seen when using the fixed ratio criterion Postbronchodilator spirometry was unobstructed in 569 subjects (61.9%): false positiveĬOPD. Among 16,177 participants, 919 (5.7%) reported a previous medical diagnosis of COPD.
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